Internal-combustion engine.



No. 877,818. PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

H. W. ADAMS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21. 1906. RENEWED 1320.31, 1907.

33 A 53 0'6 A -14. J3 J2 2 E INVENTOH W/T/VESSES Jiazry fififidanza *6 A AI'TOHNEYS UNITED STATES Paras GFi CEQ HARRY WALTER ADAMS,

or FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA, ASSIGN on or ONE-HALF TO PHILIP w.

FARNHAM, OF FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Patented Jan. 28, 1908.

Original application filed July 11, 1905, Serial No. 269,154. Divided and this application filed November 21,1906. Serial No. 344,393.

1 Renewed December 31. 1907. Serial No. 408.795,

T atl'whom it mag concern:

4 Be it known that-I, HARRYWALTER ADAMS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Fargo, in the county of Cass and State of haust gases have been permitted to escape from the working cylinder, a further portion of said exhaust gases is forced out by the admission of a blast of compressed air, and after the exhaust port is closed, the gases still remaining in the working cylinder are removed by opening communication between said working cylinder and the chamber in which a more or less perfect vacuum exists. The. flow of the fresh charge into the working cylinder is produced by the previous compression of the air going to make up said charge, and by the rarefied condition existing within the working cylinder after the communication w ththc vacuum chamber has been closed.

, Yarious other objects are contemplated, all of which will be fully set forth hereinafter.

, In attainin" these ends, I provide an engine with a diile ential piston having a valvecontrolled port therein, and operating with a ditlerential cylinder and closed crank sham-- her in such a manner that at the end of the ex "ansion or working stroke the said piston va vc will be opened and the compressed air in the crank case admitted to the working cylinder to scavenge the same, so that upon the in stroke of the iston the air in the crank case will be rareficr andupon the opening of the piston valve by means provided for this purpose, atmospheric pressure will force into the crankcase such pror lucts of combustion as may still reside in the working cylinder of the-engine. Simultaneously with these operations the larger diameter oi the differential piston serves in connection with certain de, I

o vices constituting no portion of the invention herein claimed, to compress a body of air which is lead to the admission port of the automaticall working cylinder, and during the in stroke after the piston valve is closed, the valve con trolling t i e admission port is opened, and the whole or a part of this compressed air, mixed with the fuel, is admitted into the working cylinder, the chargebeing compressed during the later portion of the instroke of the piston and ignited and burned in the usual manner. Reference is to be had to the accompany ing drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both the figures, and in which v Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of an engine embodying my invention; and Fig. 2 is a detail section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.. 2

My improved engine'is provided with a working cylinder having an enlarged'e'xtension forming the compressor cylinder 11, the latter in open communication vwith the closed crank case or chamber 12. Within the working cylinder is a working piston 14, and

within the compression cylinder 11 is the compressor piston 15, which pistons are formed as one but are of difierent diameters, as indicated in the drawings. The pistons are connected by a rod 16 with the crank disks 17 of the shaft 18, and the working piston 14 has a cap 19 bolted thereto, said cap being formed with a tubular stem guide 20 which projects through an opening in the piston toward the crank case. Said guide has open-' ings 21 thereinplacing it in communication with tho crank case, and the upper end of the guide 20 is open and commanded by a valve 22 which opens into the workin cylinder. The stem 23 of this valve passes t rough the guide 20, and has a nut 24 on its lower end engaged by a spring 25 between the nut and the lower end of the guide 20, so as to yieldingly seat the valve 22, Fitted loosely in and extending longitudinally through the connectin rod 16 isa valve-Operatin rod 26 having a 'utton 27 on its upper en which engages the nut 24. The lower end of the connecting rod is formed withuan annular channel 28 which reccivesloo'sely a cam29 fastened to the wrist pin 30 and adapted to'- en age the. lower end or the valve-o crating It will thus be seen that t 'eval-ve 221s. yielding'lyseate'd is capable of opening upon superior PISSSELU, an is periodical y opened rnechanicall by the cam 29 striking the vaive rod 26, lifting the same, and opening the valve 22 through its stem 23. This periodical mechanical opera-' IS relieved in the working cylinder, t e valve 22 is automatically opened, permitting this air to flow into the workin cylinder to :scavenge it. Upon the upwar movement of the piston the air in the crank case is rarefied, and during the inward'stroke the valve 22 is mechanically o ened through the action of the cam 29 an its coactingpar'ts, thus permitting such products of combustion as may yet reside in the Working cylinder to flow into the crank case.

The working cylinder 10 is provided with. an admission port 32 and an exhaust port 33,

the former being located adjacent the end of the cylinder and communicating with the compression space of the working cylinder, while the latter is at the outer or bottom center (position of the piston so as to be uncovere only adjacent the end of the working stroke and communicate with the atmosphere. The admission port 32 communicates'with a small cylindrical chamber '34,

A the valve ber 34 an and is commanded by a' valve 35 which opens into the working cylinder. The stem 36 of projects into the cylindrical chamcontacts with a piston 37 fitted fluid-tight withinsaidcylinder. As the piston 37 1s larger than the under surface of the valve 35,, the said valve is balanced against any pressure tending to move it into open position. The lower end of the stem 36 is engaged by a valveoperating rod 38 which assesdown into the crank case and has its' ower end engaged by a lever 39 fulcrumed on an eccentric pin 40, said pin being mounted in the crank case and havinga portion ex-,

' .tion of justed' at will, and consequently adjusting thetending to the outside thereof, to permit turning the pin;

t e fulcrum of the lever 39 may be ad* a movement which is imparted to the valve rod 38 through said lever. The free end of the le 5 5,

ver is engaged by a cam 41 which is formed on the periphery of one of the crank disks 17, "so

, 1 as to periodically lift the lever and throw the rod 38 and stem 36 too en the valve 35. As

the specific means emp oyed for opening and controlling the inlet valve 35 does not aid in the scavenging of the workin cylinder, the

specific construction of the in ct valve-operating device above descrlbed, constitutes no ortion of the invention hereinv claimed, and

1t is evident that various other means may 1 cylinder 11 ta relief cook 60.

By means of this pin the posie be em loyed for operating this valve at the desire time during the working-of the engme.

Communicating with the upper end of the compressor cylinder 11 is a 'chamberedex tension 42 which has an air admission port 43 therein, saiduport being commanded by an inwardly opening valve 44, the stem 45 of whichpasses through a cage 46 projecting from the port 43 and extends loosely through a piston 47. This piston. is mounted in a cylindrical extension 430i the cage 46, and at the lower extremity ofhe stem 45 is pro-r. 'vided a stop nut 49 and a coil spring 50 which tends to yieldingly seat the valve 44. The chambered extension 42 has a discharge port, 51 commanded by a check valve 52 andopening against pressure in the compressor Said valve 52 permits the discharge-from the chamber 42 into a'chamber 5 53, which latter chamber communicates through a duct 54 with the upper orinner surface of the piston 47 and between said piston and the cage 46. The entrance to said duct is controlled by a spring-pressed 9 valve 55; and by means of this ductand the spring-pressed valve, the piston'47 and the valve 44 may be controlled in a manner more fully described in myprevious application above referred to. The chamber 53 delivers 5 the main body of the air compressed in the cylinder 11 through a pipe 56 and a cooler 57 to any suitable carbureter, 61, and from said carbureter through a pipe 58 to the cylindrical. chamber 34 adjacent to the inlet port. In connection with the parts above'described may be employedany suitable form of i niting device 59, and the end of the wor ing ylinder 10 mayfif desired, be provided with a The operation .of the engine as 'far'asit relates to the scavenging of the working cyl inder may be traced as follows: Assuming the parts to be in the position shown in the drawmgs and the crank shaft revolving in the direction indicated by the arrow, upon 'a down stroke or working stroke of the piston the port 31 is covered and compression takes place in the crank case. the piston reaches a point adjacent the end of its working stroke, that is, until the ex-- haust port 33 of.v the working cylinder-is opened; At this time the pressure in the workin cylinder falls to that. of the atmos- ,phere, ueto the escape of the exhaust gases through the port "33, and as the pressure within the crank case, is now considerably greater than that of the atmosphere, the compressed air within the crank case over- 1 comes the action of the spring 25 and blows then drops merely to that of the atmosphere, and as soonas the inward movement of the piston begins, the valve 22 is closed and the '130 This continues until air within the crank case is rarefied. The cam 29 now serves to positively open the valve 22 and permit such products of combustion as may yet reside in the working cylinder to flow into the crank case. As the cross--sectional area ofthe compressor cyl inder 11 is greater than-the cross sectional area of the working cylinder 10, it will be noted that the return movement of the piston toward the working cylinder 10 serves to rarefy the air, and the products of combustion will thus be almost completely Withdrawn into the crank case. At or approximately at the middle of the in stroke the valve 22 is permitted to close, and at this time the admission valve the air which has been highly compressed between the two pistons 14 and 15 and charged with the fuel at the carburetor, is admitted' t-o the working cylinder. The explosive charge thus enters the cylinder under high pressure, and its entrance to the cylin facilitated by the rarefied condition 1 a closed crank chamber forming a compressor er 15 within the Working cylinder. During the remainder of the in stroke of the pistonlthe charge is stillfurthercompressed, and at or near the end of said stroke the charge is ignited and burned in the usual manner.

. .Having thus described my invention, I

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. An internal combustion engine having v a working cylinder rovided with an exhaust port, a closed .cran chamber, means movable in relation thereto and forming with said crank chamber a suction exerting means, and a valve controlling the passage of fluid between-the crank chamber and the working cylinder of the engine.

2. A two-cycle internal combustion engine having a working cylinder provided with an exhaust port, a closed crank chamber, means movable in relation thereto with said .crank chamber and forming a suction exerting means, means forming a passage from saidcrank chamber to the working cylinder of the engine, and a valve for controlling the flow of fluid through said passage.

3. An internal combustionengine having a working cylinder provided with an exhaust ort, a closed crank chamber, means movab e in relation thereto and forming with said crank chamber a. suction exerting means, and a working iston having a valve-controlled passage eading from the working cylinder to the crank chamber.

4. An internal combustion engine having a closed crank chamber, a working cylinder provided with an exhaust port, a working piston having a port therein and forming with the crank chamber a suction exerting means, and avalve commanding said port.

-5. An internal combustion engine having a closed crank chamber, a working. cylinder provided with anexhaust port, aiworking 35 is opened and- .esta lishing communication piston having a port therein and forming with thecrank chamber a suction exerting means, a valve commanding the port, and means for periodically operating the valve.

6. An internal combustion engine having a closed crank chamber, a working cylinder provided with a main exhaust port, a working piston adapted to close said exhaust port andhaving a port therein, said piston forming with the crank chamber an air rarefying means, a valve commanding'the port in'the piston, and means for periodically operating said'valve to close the same after the main exhaust port is closed.

7. internal combustion engine having a compressor adapted to compressair on one stroke and rarefy air on the other stroke, a valve adapted to automatically open to admit compressed air from the compressor to the working cylinder, and means for periodically opening the valve during the rarefication of air tosaid compressor.

8. An internal combustion engine having and adapted to compress air on the out or working stroke of the piston, and to rarefy air on the in stroke of the piston, and means establishing communication between the crank chamber and the working cylinder of the engine.

' 9. An internal combustion engine having a closed crank chamber adapted to compress air on the out or working stroke of the piston, and to rarefy air upon the instroke of the piston, a valve adapted to automatically open to admit pressure from the crank chamber into the working cylinder, and means for periodically opening the valve during. the rarefieation of air in the crank chamber. i 10. An internal combustion engine having a closed, crank chamber, a working cylinder, a working piston, the parts being arranged to compress air in the crank chamber on the working stroke of the piston, and to rarefy air'in the crank chamber on the in stroke of the iston, said piston having a port therein between the working cylinder and crank'chamber, and a valve controlling said port.

1 1. An internal combustion engine having a closed crank chamber, a working cylinder, a working piston, the parts being arranged to compress air in the crank chamber on the working stroke of the piston, and to rarefy air in the crank chamber on the in stroke of the piston, said piston having a ort therein establishing communication Between the working cylinder and crank chamber, a valve controlling said port, said valve automatically opening to admit presion sure from the crank chamber to the working than said working cylinder, a closed crank' case in communication with the compressor cylinder, a diiierentlal piston hav1ng"portlons thereof in the working cylinder and in I the compressor cylinder, a valve in the piston,

whereby the working cylinder may communicate with the crank case, and means for opening said valve,- whereby upon the in stroke of the piston a partial vacuum is created in the crank case and the exhaust gases removed from the working cylinder.

13. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, a'com ressor cylinder of greater diameter than said working cylinder, a closed crank case in communication with the compressor cylinder, a hollow difierentential piston in communication with the crank case and having portions thereof operating within the working cylinder and withinthe compressor cylinder, and'a valve in said piston whereby the interior thereof may communicate with the working cylinder, the parts being so constructed that during a portion of the inward stroke of the piston the air within the crank case is rarefied, and thus causes the removal of the exhaust gas from the working cylinder. A y

14. An internal combustion engine having a closed crank chamber, a compressor. cylin der in open communication therewith, I a

1 working cylinder in alinement with the compressor cylinderand ofsmaller diameter than said compressor cylinder, and a differential piston havingport'ions thereof operating within the two cylinders, said piston being-provided with a valve-controlled passage connecting the working cylinder andthe compressor cylinder and adapted to permit the w working stro the passage of compressed air into the Working cylinder at the end of the,working stroke thereof and the passage "of the remaining "exhaust gases into the compressor 0 linden during a' ortion of'the return stro e, 'the passage o .the gases into the'compressor cylinder being due to the reduction 1npres-- sure therein. a

. 15. An internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, a compressor cylinder larger than said working cylinder and in alinement therewith, a difierential piston having portions thereof operating within both of said cylinders, said piston being hollow and in open communication with the compressor cylinder at all times and pro' vided with a valve-controlled assage between the interior thereof and t e working cylinder,and means; for positively opening said valve during a portion of the inward stroke. V

416. An internal 'combustion'engine having a compressor adapted to compress'air u' on;

'eoi .the' piston. an "to valve rare air uponthe in stroke of the piston, a va ve controlling the communication between saidcom ressor and'the working cylinder, said vfa ve opening automatically at theexhaust period to'admit the air from the compressor into the working cylinder, means for mechanically opening the valve during the in stroke of the working piston to draw gas from the working cylinder into said compressor, a'second compressor operating in unison with the engine and communicating with the admission port thereof, a valve commanding the admission 1port, and mean for periodicall operating t e valve. 17. In a'twocyc e internal combustion engine, the combination of aworking cylinder, a differential piston, a closed crank case, the parts being arranged to compress air in the crank case upon the working'stroke of the piston, and to rareiy air upon the in stroke of the same, means establishing a valve controlled communication between the crank case and the wdrkin cylinder, the valve opening .automatica ly at the exhaust period to admit air from'the crank case to the Working I cylinder, means for -mechanically opening the valve during the in stroke of the piston to allow gas to pass from the working cylinder into the crank case, the larger diameter of the piston forming with the cylinder walls a second comressor, means establishing communication between said second com ressor and the admission port of the Wor ing cylinder, a valve controllingsaid port, and means for periodically operatingsaid' valve. 18. In a two-cyclei nternal combustion engine, the combination of a working cylinder, a differential iston, a closed' crank chamber, the osts eing arranged to compress: air in t e crank chamber upon the working stroke of the piston, and to rarefy air u on the. in stroke of the same, means establishinga valvecontrolled communication between the crank chamber and the working cylinder, said means com prising a port passin through the Workmg piston and a va ve. commandin the port, the valve o'pening'automatical y at the exhaust period toadmit' air from the crank chamber to the .working cylinder, means for mechanically opening the valve during the in stroke of the piston" to allow ga's'to pass from the working cylinder'into the crank chamber, the larger diameter of 1 20 the piston forming With the cylinder Walls a second j compressor, means establishing communication between said second com pressor'a'nd the admission port of the work-. ing cylinder, a valve controlling said port, and means for perio'dically operating said 19. In a two cycle internal combustion e e, thecombination ofaworking cylinder,

a erential piston, a closed crank chamber,

the parts being arranged to com 4 a valve-controlled communication between means ress air in l the crank chamber upon the wor ing stroke of the piston and to .rarefy air uponthe in stroke of the same, means establishing the crank chamber and the Working cyl-' inder, the valve opening automatically at the exhaust period to admit air from the crank chamber to the working cylinder, means for mechanically opening the'valve during'the instroke of the piston to allow gas to pass from the working cylinder into the crank chamber, the larger diameter of the piston forming with the cylinder Walls a second compressor, means establishing, communication between said second compressor and the admission port of the working cylinder, a valve controlling said port,

- engine,

for periodically operating said valve,

said means establishing valve-controlled communication between the crank chamber and the working cylinder comprising a port passing through the working piston and a valve commanding the port, and the said means for mechanically operating the valvecontrolling communication crank chamber and the Working cylinder comprising a able relatively to the connecting rod of the and a cam on the wrist pin ofthe engine crank and adapted periodicallyto engage said member.

y In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

I HARRY WALTER ADAMS.-

Witnesses:

T. A. MARTINSON, L. O. MCDONALD.

member carried by and sl1d between the 

